I’ve chosen Kentuckian John Salyer’s Stumptailed Dolly for this installment of TOTW.
Here’s the excerpt from the Traditional Tune Archive:
“DOLLY. AKA and see “Stumptown Dolly,” “Stumptailed Dolly.” Old-Time, Breakdown. USA; Magoffin County, Ky. G Major. Standard tuning. AA'BB. A regional eastern Kentucky tune. Jeff Titon (2001) says John Salyer (1882-1952) recorded a similar version of this local tune as “Stumptailed Dolly.” John lived not far from Titon/Phillip’s source, William Hamilton Stepp (1875-1947), and the two played together frequently, sharing some of their respective repertoires. Stepp was recorded for the Library of Congress by the Lomax’s in October, 1937, and his version can be heard on AFS 568. The original title of “Dolly” may or may not have been “Stumptailed Dog,” named so by Salyer’s father Morgan, who had a bob-tailed dog named Dolly (according to Magoffin County fiddler Glen Fannin (1901-1978), who played a version for Bruce Greene). Other Kentucky fiddlers simply knew the tune as “Dolly.” Bath County Fiddler George Hawkins (1904-1991) also had a version of “Dolly,” according to John Harrod. Stump Tailed Dolly has another meaning—it is the slang name for the poss stick, or paddle, and dolly tub employed when washing clothes the old-fashioned way. “
The laundry reference intrigued me a bit as my grandmother used to wash my grandpa’s coal mining cloths in large iron kettles over a wood fire. She also made lye soap in the same pots. The stick used in the laundry operation was called a “beater”. It was mallet shaped with a large head and long thin handle made from a single piece of hickory and was operated in an up and down motion. It was also used to transfer hot laundry between the wash and rinse pots. The stick used to stir and mix the soap was called a “paddle”. It was made from the trunk of a sassafras tree with the fat basal end flattened on both sides and the bark left on the rounded upper portion for a handle. The paddle was operated in a side to side motion. Both of these tools were home crafted by my grandfather from wood harvested on the farm. I don’t recall hearing the term “dolly” but other families or communities could certainly have used that name.
For those interested in such things here is a web site on the History of washing clothes. Search through the links labeled dollies, bats, and ponches for information regarding those tools.
A Web site dedicated to Scottish music has this to say:
“Songs once accompanied every kind of work in Scottish communities. There were songs for waulking tweed, for spinning wool, for rowing, milking, churning, bringing home the cattle and many other tasks. All these songs were designed to help pass the time and make the work involved a little less hard. With many of these songs, the work involved was very repetitive, and so these songs have a strong rhythmic pulse.”
That last sentence aptly describes Stumptailed Dolly. Even simple renditions of the melody sound good so long as the performer properly emphasizes the cadence of the tune. An inspired fiddler might well have composed the tune to mimic the rhythms of wash day. The coarse part is especially effective in portraying a single-minded determination to the job at hand while the fine part serves as a fun reward for dogged perseverance.
So was the tune named for a family pet or for a household utensil? Old-time authority Kerry Blech says it could be both in this 2002 FIDDLE-L post wherein he offers an opinion on the derivation of the title:
“I asked Bruce Molsky where he heard about this being a term for an old-time washing implement. He told me that he learned about it from Roc Myers, whom I think is one of us Fiddle-Listers... Bruce forwarded an email to me from Roc where Roc recalls his grandmother, Kentucky bred, telling him that the 'dolly' was a paddle used in the old clothes washing process and a shorter version of that implement was known as a 'stump-tailed dolly.' Personally, I do not find this inconsistent with Jeff Titon's relation that John Salyer had a dog with a stump-tail and added the "stump" part to the "Dolly" tune title to personalize it. Quite often some of these titlings have many facets, puns of sorts. If this washing terminology was common in Magoffin County, I'd bet that Mr. Salyer was aware of it and considered it when retitling the tune.”
The Eastern Kentucky provenance of the tune is brought into question by a memoir published in 1911 by Confederate General Basil W. Duke. He recalls having heard a tune called Stump-tailed Dolly played by southern army fifers at Clarksville, Tennessee, in 1861. Clarksville is in the western section of the State, 250 miles from the supposed Magoffin County, Kentucky origins of the tune. Of course this could have been a completely different tune with a floating title, a not uncommon happenstance in old-time music, but it shows that the title at least pre-dates Salyer. You can read it here: Reminiscences of General Basil W. Duke.
Additional confusion comes from Fannin’s assertion that the tune was originally called Stumptailed Dog which is the title of a tune collected from Modesto, Illinois fiddler Howard Sims (1896-1977). J-Walk featured the Illinois tune in his 09/27/2013 TOTW presentation and concluded that “There might be some connection with a tune called "Stump Tailed Dolly" but I can't hear much of a resemblance.” Blech concurs and states that Sims’ tune “though also in the key of G, does not appear to be related melodically” to Stumptailed Dolly. I think most, upon hearing the tunes played together, would agree.
Click on these links for the original field recordings of fiddlers Salyer , Stepp , Fannin , and Hawkins . Recent recordings by Jesse Wells and Steve Blake are also available. The Blake selection can be used as a background play-along while learning the tune.
Here are a couple of nice string band versions: Byron, Jones, Jackson, and Pedi and Highball Whistle .
Banjo takes on the tune include recordings by Clawhammer Tune of the Day, Adam Hurt, and a video by Cindy Louhoo that serves as a good tutorial for learning the tune.
I was unable to find a tab for Stumptailed Dolly but Titon gives a score in standard notation for Stepp’s version, which seems to be the basis of most modern recordings, in his book Old-Time Kentucky Fiddle Tunes.
Viewers are encouraged to post observations, opinions, performances and tabs contributing to this thread.